Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

One of a complicated collection of gynaecological problems is referred to as premenstrual disorders (PMD) is Premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS is now referred to as core PMD after the International Society for Premenstrual Disorders (ISPMD) reclassified PMD.Distressing physical, behavioural, and core PMD is a condition in which depressing behavioral, psychological, and physical symptoms usually appear … Read more

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Any menstrual bleeding from the uterus that is either irregular in volume, regularity, or timing or non-menstrual is referred to as abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). FIGO adopted the PALM-COEIN classification system for AUB in 2011. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) Prevalence: Almost 15% of gynaecological referrals in the UK are for HMB, which affects 3% of … Read more

Abortion-Pregnancy Interruption

What is abortion? Induced abortion (sometimes known as termination of pregnancy –TOP) is a procedure undertaken to intentionally end a pregnancy by expulsion or removal of the fetus. Abortion is one of the most commonly undertaken gynaecological procedures.Global overview: The estimated absolute number of abortions worldwide in 2008 was 43.8 million, although obtaining accurate global … Read more

Vaginal discharge

One prevalent issue for women of reproductive age is vaginal discharge. One subjective and vague sign is abnormal vaginal discharge. An STI-concerned woman might think a physiological discharge is unusual.  The healthy vaginal environment A dynamic ecosystem, the vagina first becomes sterile before commensal bacteria—mostly Gram-positive—quickly populate it.  Premenarchal females have a vaginal pH of … Read more